Things to Know About Tooth Cavities

The first symptoms of a cavity often include tooth sensitivity and pain. Depending on where the cavity is located, people may be able to see a small hole in their teeth or even notice some black stains on the teeth. A cavity is nothing more than tooth decay. It begins as a tiny hole in the tooth which becomes bigger when left untreated. Cavities can affect anyone with teeth, whether one has a good oral hygiene routine or not. They often go unnoticed until it’s too late. It’s a good idea to schedule regular dental appointments to catch early signs of tooth decay.

How Cavities Form

Cavities are formed when the enamel (the hard protective coating on the teeth) weakens. Plaque, a sticky substance made of bacteria, acid, saliva, and food particles, is the leading cause of weak enamel. Plaque forms when the bacteria in one’s mouth turn sugary food and drink into acid. This acid gradually wears down and erodes tooth enamel, causing cavities. People with conditions like acid reflux, bulimia, or anorexia are at a higher risk of developing cavities. Experts believe that a person is more likely to get a tooth cavity in the back of the mouth. These teeth are harder to reach when flossing or brushing and have many grooves that trap food particles.

Diagnosis

A dentist usually diagnoses patients with cavities with an oral exam or a dental X-ray. Treatment options depend on the severity of the tooth decay. Some cavities can be treated by tooth fillings, when the dentist removes decayed material from the cavities and fills the gap in with gold, silver, or resin. If the cavity is more severe, the dentist may use a crown or a custom cap that goes over the decayed tooth. A root canal is used when the decay has reached the root and damaged the nerves. In this case, a dentist will remove nerve tissue, damaged blood vessels, and other decayed portions of the affected tooth. He/she will then medicate the root, fill the gaps in the tooth, and place a crown. One can prevent tooth decay by using fluoride toothpaste and eating calcium-rich foods.